Is there a question? I’m confused. Think about MPE and hardware controller…
Here is a small explanation how 14-bit MIDI works (in a nutshell):
Don’t think of it as a number 0…16383. Instead think of it this way. Your 14 bits are divided into two 7-bit chunks: the Most Significant Byte (MSB) and the Least Significant Byte (LSB). Each of these goes from 0…127, but to make things simple to conceptualize, imagine them as each going from 0…99. Now imagine a decimal number, where the MSB is on the left hand side of the decimal point, and the LSB is on the right hand side. So if your MSB is 92 and your LSB is 53, you’d have the value 92.53.
That’s what’s getting sent to your synthesizer. 92.53. If your synthesizer is only 7-bit, it’s going to ignore the LSB entirely and just treat the value as 92.0. And if your controller sends only 7-bit data, then what the synthesizer will receive is 92.0 anyway, because all it got was the MSB. Thus you can think of the LSB as an “optional fine tuning” of the primary value (92).
The way this data is sent to the synthesizer matters. The first 32 CC numbers (0…31) send out MSB values as usual, but the second 32 CC numbers (33…63) are meant to send out the LSB of the corresponding first 32 numbers. For example, CC number 36 sends the LSB corresponding to the MSB which was sent out by CC number 4. (4 + 32 = 36). All CC numbers greater than 63 are always 7-bit only.
If you want to send out a 14-bit value on CC#4, the system first sends out the MSB on CC#4, then sends out the corresponding LSB on CC#36. One interesting item: if you want to send out another 14-bit value on CC#4, and the MSB is the same as the last time you sent out CC#4, you can just send another LSB (no MSB) on CC#36 and be done with it.
If Korg had done things correctly, a 10-bit resolution would work like this. Take our imaginary example where the MSB and LSB each went 0…99. Now imagine that Korg’s 10-bit resolution actually only goes from 0…999. What we’re going to do is take the MSB and multiply it by 10. Now your values 0…99 gets transformed to 0…990. The LSB will be used to fill in the rest: we’ll strip off the 1’s digit (divide the LSB by 10), so the LSB’s 0…99 gets transformed to 0…9. Now we just add the modified MSB (the coarse tuning) to the modified LSB (the fine tuning) to get a number from 0…999. In short, the MSB gives you the 100’s and 10’s digit of your Korg value, and the LSB gives you the 1’s digit.
Of course the values aren’t multiples of 10, they’re binary. So technically, The MSB’s 7 bits would get mapped to the 10 bits of the Korg, and the the most significant 3 bits of the LSB would fill in the rest. Let’s say that your 14-bit value is 4333. This is 01000011101101, so the MSB is 0100001 = 33 and the LSB is 1101101 = 109. We strip off all but the leftmost 3 bits of the LSB, resulting in 110 = 6. Now your resulting ten bits are 0100001 110 = 270. Or more simply, the main part is 33 (the MSB) * 8 = 264. The remainder is 109 (the LSB) / 16 = 6.8125 → 6, and 264 + 6 = 270.
The point being, the MSB (the primary 7 bits) is the big player here. It’s like a coarse tuning over the whole spectrum of 0…1023 of your Korg. It’s the numbers that matter, the big players, the stuff to the left of the decimal point so to speak. The LSB then provides the fine-tuning, though most of it (all but 3 bits) are discarded.
Source: Reddit: “High Resolution” (14-Bit) MIDI with hardware?